Religios and moral education of the young generation in the scientific heritage of K. D. Kavelin

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to investigate the issues of religion and morality in the context of educating the younger generation based on the scientific heritage of K.D. Kavelin. Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin (November 4, 1818 – May 5, 1885) was a Russian philosopher, teacher, historian and public figure. He is considered to be one of the leading representatives of Russian pedagogical thought of the 19th century. Kavelin actively explored issues of morality, religion and education, emphasizing the importance of moral values in education. In his works, he advocated a humanistic approach to education, focusing on the need to develop spiritual and moral qualities in young people. From Kavelin’s point of view, education should be aimed not only at transmitting knowledge, but also at developing personal responsibility, freedom of choice and critical thinking. The authors analyze Kavelin’s main ideas about the role of religion as the most important element of moral education, which contributes to the formation of moral guidelines in young people. The methodology of the research includes historical and philosophical analysis, which allows to understand and analyse the ideas of the scientist, formed under the influence of time and the educational environment. With the help of comparative analysis, the views of K.D. Kavelin with many other philosophical, religious and pedagogical teachings were compared. Application of the methods of text analysis allowed to highlight the unique aspects of his approach and to understand how his ideas fit into the broader context of pedagogical thought. The authors present the interpretation of historical and cultural contexts on the basis of the analysis of some studies by K. D. Kaverin. An interdisciplinary approach makes it possible to include some elements of history, pedagogy, psychology, sociology and philosophy. In result the influence of various factors on the upbringing of young people is structured. The work examines the key aspects of Kavelin's study of morality, the relationship between religious and secular values, as well as the influence of these concepts on modern approaches to education. Particular attention is paid to how his ideas can be applied in the context of modern society, where moral guidelines are becoming increasingly uncertain. It is noted that in the process of education of modern generation the question of formation of the identity and feeling of belonging to their culture and country. The authors present a detailed analysis of the heritage of K.D. Kavelin, his views on the relationship between religious and moral education. In the modern period, it is important not only to analyze Kavelin's ideas, but also to develop recommendations for their application in the educational process. His works contain practical recommendations for teachers and parents who is aimed to develop spiritual and moral qualities in the younger generation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of integrating extracurricular and educational programs aimed at developing morality and spirituality into educational practice.